The digital euro might only work online using third parties such as banks to validate transactions, the European Central Bank has said, as it plans a rulebook under which private sector intermediaries can distribute the central bank digital currency.

A document published on Thursday puts peer-to-peer validation options on the back burner, as the ECB’s governing council prepares for a decision on whether to issue a digital version of the euro due in September 2023.

The ECB will examine using individual users to validate transactions offline instead of banks, but “the time to market for this solution is more uncertain” than one involving intermediaries, given uncertainties over technology and security, the document said. “The development of a third-party validated solution for online payments should not be delayed in case the timely delivery of a peer-to-peer validated solution for offline payments proves to be unfeasible.”

A third option, using peer-to-peer validation online, is dismissed as a “more experimental alternative” that won’t be further investigated for the time being.

Fabio Panetta, an ECB Executive Board member, today told lawmakers it is of “utmost importance that the Eurosystem retains full control over digital euro issuance and settlement,” but added that officials are also looking at the regulations that would set out how the private sector could be involved in distributing the digital euro.

“We will soon start work on a rulebook for the digital euro scheme,” setting out which entities can participate and how they would operate, Panetta said. A single brand would ensure users have the same experience when using the system anywhere in the euro area.

Read more: ECB Picks Amazon, Nexi, 3 More to Prototype Digital Euro Apps

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