The DePIN sector, which stands for decentralized physical infrastructure, could help existing networks scale and innovate, but several risks including unclear regulations could stifle growth, said the Wall Street credit ratings agency Moody's Ratings on Tuesday in its inaugural report about the sector.

"By linking together established pieces of a system’s backbone with the building blocks of distributed ledger technology (DLT), DePIN has potential to improve network reliability and efficiency while lowering operational costs and optimizing resources and industry collaboration," the authors of the report said.

"However, there are significant obstacles to widespread adoption, including regulatory and interoperability issues, cybersecurity risks and the need for substantial investments in infrastructure and skills," they said.

Incumbent network operators – telecommunication companies, utilities and transportation, to name a few – face ever-growing user demand that require capital-heavy infrastructure developments, the report said. Leveraging decentralized models could help them alleviate some of the pressure and stay relevant as artificial intelligence and internet-of-things (IoT) disrupt old business models, the report added.

Part of DePIN's allure is issuing their own digital tokens, which can help projects incentivize participation and network expansion. Today's unclear global regulatory landscape, however, makes compliance problematic and could stifle the sector's growth. Connecting existing infrastructure with blockchain rails could also open new attack vectors, creating cybersecurity risks.

DePIN combines blockchain technology with real-world networks such as telecommunications, file storage and computing capacity. The sector has become one of the hottest corners in the digital asset space this year. The fact that a well-known Wall Street traditional finance name like Moody's Ratings covers DePIN underscores the increased attention the sector is attracting.

The sector's increasing mindshare is reflected in rising venture capital funding, with investors allocating $583 million in private investments to DePIN projects this year so far, already surpassing the previous record year of 2022, according to a report by digital asset market maker Wintermute.

The Moody's report cited Helium (HNT), a blockchain-based decentralized wireless network that gives users token incentives to deploy and maintain wireless internet hotspots, as an example that has shown promising developments. The project has attracted more than 350,000 participants and acquired more than 100,000 subscribers, the report noted.

Read more: Why DePIN Is Taking Off Now

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