Germany, which holds the world’s second-largest gold reserves at 3,352 tons, stores 30-37% of its bullion in New York, a Cold War-era practice designed to ensure dollar liquidity during crises. The remainder is split between Frankfurt (50%) and London (13%).

Discussions about repatriating the U.S.-held gold intensified following President Donald Trump’s imposition of sweeping tariffs, including a 10% levy on EU imports, which German lawmakers argue undermines trust in bilateral agreements.

Political figures, including CDU members Marco Wanderwitz and Markus Ferber, have demanded increased oversight or full repatriation, citing fears the U.S. could restrict access during economic disputes.

The European Taxpayers’ Association echoed concerns, stressing the need for “immediate access” to gold amid discussions of new EU debt instruments. However, the Bundesbank has publicly reaffirmed confidence in the Federal Reserve, with President Joachim Nagel calling the Fed a “trustworthy and reliable partner.”

This debate mirrors Germany’s 2013-2017 repatriation effort, which saw 674 tons moved from New York and Paris to Frankfurt after public pressure and logistical challenges. Only five tons were initially returned in 2013 due to delays, highlighting the complexity of large-scale transfers.

Economically, the tariffs threaten to reduce Germany’s GDP growth by 1.5 percentage points by 2027, per Bundesbank projections. Meanwhile, gold prices have surged to record highs above $3,100 per ounce, driven by market uncertainty. Analysts suggest holding reserves domestically could provide liquidity safeguards if trade disputes escalate.

Globally, 68% of central banks now prioritize domestic gold storage, up from 50% in 2020, according to a 2023 World Gold Council survey. This trend, accelerated by U.S. sanctions on Russia and other nations, highlights a broader shift toward financial sovereignty.

The United States boasts the world’s largest gold reserves at 8,133 tons, a staggering figure representing more than three-quarters of its foreign reserves. Trailing behind Germany, Italy claims the third spot with 2,452 tons, predominantly safeguarded within the Bank of Italy’s vaults and select international depositories.

As of April 2025, no final decision has been made, leaving Germany’s gold strategy suspended between political urgency and institutional caution. The outcome could redefine how nations balance economic security with international partnerships in an era of rising protectionism.

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