The key proposal in this technical upgrade focuses on enhancing account abstraction, optimizing validator operations, and continuing to improve the performance of the Ethereum network.
Written by: imToken
The Ethereum Pectra upgrade is expected to be implemented in the first quarter of 2025. This will be Ethereum's third major upgrade following the Ethereum Merge in September 2022 and the Cancun upgrade in March 2024.
During the Ethereum core developer call on January 9, 2025, Tim Beiko, head of the execution layer technical protocol support, proposed to initiate the fifth development network (Devnet 5) process related to the Pactra upgrade during the week of January 13, and to upgrade Ethereum's public testnets Sepoila and Holesky in February 2025, with activation on the mainnet in March 2025.
About the Pectra Upgrade
The Pectra upgrade consists of two main parts: the Prague execution layer upgrade and the Electra consensus layer upgrade. The key proposals in this technical upgrade focus on enhancing account abstraction, optimizing validator operations, and continuing to improve the performance of the Ethereum network, which also includes optimized technical protocols for Layer 2, making it a highlight of the Pectra upgrade.
- Technical protocols related to the consensus layer upgrade include:
EIP-6110, EIP-7002, EIP-7251, EIP-7549, EIP-7691.
- Technical protocols related to the execution layer upgrade include:
EIP-7685, EIP-7623, EIP-7702, EIP-2537, EIP-2935.
How the Pectra Upgrade Improves Ethereum
According to the EIP-7600 Pectra hard fork process implementation protocol, the Ethereum improvement proposals currently included in the Pectra upgrade are:
EIP-6110: Use of deposit processing mechanism within the protocol on the consensus layer
- When validators deposit ETH, there is no longer a need to rely on the voting mechanism of the consensus layer for verification, thus enhancing the security of validator operations. Even with more than two-thirds of hostile staked assets, honest nodes can still respond. Additionally, this mechanism can reduce the complexity of client software design and decrease operational latency.
EIP-7002: Trigger withdrawals from the execution layer
- Allows validators to withdraw through the execution layer, triggering exits and withdrawals.
EIP-7251: Increase MAXEFFECTIVEBALANCE
- Allows Ethereum to stake more than 32 ETH, while the minimum staking threshold remains unchanged at 32 ETH. This technical protocol improvement aims to reduce the number of validators in the network by allowing large node operators to merge multiple validators, thereby lowering the burden of peer-to-peer messaging, signature aggregation, and storage.
EIP-7549: Move Committee Index out of proof
- Aims to achieve more efficient consensus voting aggregation, reducing verification costs and network load.
EIP-7691: Increase the number of Blobs
- Increases the number of Blobs per block to a maximum of 6-9, helping Ethereum improve scalability through Layer 2 solutions.
EIP-7685: General execution layer requests
- This proposal defines a general framework for storing contract-triggered requests, simplifying the addition of new request types without changing the structure of the execution block, ultimately creating a more secure system for users.
EIP-7623: Increase the cost of calldata
- Since the implementation of EIP-1599, the limit on Ethereum block gas fees has not increased, but the amount of data published to the mainnet has been continuously rising, and the average block size has also been increasing. Since the implementation of EIP-2028, the cost of calldata has remained unchanged, but with the introduction of Blobs in EIP-4844, it is necessary to reassess the cost of calldata to reduce the maximum data size of blocks, freeing up data space for more Blobs that can help improve block throughput.
EIP-7702: Set EOA account code
- Adds a new type of transaction to increase code execution capabilities for EOA accounts, enhancing the flexibility and programmability of accounts.
EIP-2537: Precompiles for BLS12-381 curve operations
- By introducing precompiled contracts, Ethereum adds support for BLS12-381 curve operations, enabling BLS signature verification and allowing multiple signatures to be aggregated into one, thereby reducing verification complexity.
EIP-2935: Store historical block hashes in state
- By storing the most recent 8192 block hashes in the system contract, it supports a stateless client model and provides more flexible historical block hash query capabilities. These hashes can be queried directly through contracts and provided as witness bundles to stateless clients.
However, the previously more focused technical proposal EIP-7594 has been paused for over 6 months and is not expected to be implemented in the Pectra upgrade. EIP-7594 introduced a data availability sampling (DAS) protocol to ensure that Blob data is available when only a subset of data is downloaded.
免责声明：本文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本平台的立场和观点。本文章仅供信息分享，不构成对任何人的任何投资建议。用户与作者之间的任何争议，与本平台无关。如网页中刊载的文章或图片涉及侵权，请提供相关的权利证明和身份证明发送邮件到support@aicoin.com，本平台相关工作人员将会进行核查。
