Farewell to 'Single Formal Blockchain': Returning to Adaptive Nonlinear Emergence Intelligence Introduction: The Crossroads of Blockchain Development Since its inception, blockchain technology has undergone rapid development and evolution. However, the current blockchain field is facing an important crossroads. The paradigm of "single formalized blockchain" represented by Ethereum has made significant progress in smart contracts and application development, but its inherent limitations are becoming increasingly prominent. This article believes that it is time to bid farewell to the farce of "single formalized blockchain" and return to the more vibrant and promising direction of "adaptive nonlinear emerging intelligent complex systems". 2. Ethereum's' Single Formal System A ' The core operating mechanism of Ethereum can be summarized as a single 'formal system A'. This system A integrates the key functions of blockchain, forming a closed and deterministic system: Centralized account management: System A maintains a globally unique world state tree, where all accounts and their balances are centralized. Unified state transition logic: The execution of smart contracts and the update of account status follow the code rules pre-set within system A. Unified block generation and verification: System A determines the method of block generation, the execution of consensus algorithms, and the criteria for determining block validity. This design enables Ethereum to integrate the core operations of blockchain into a unified, deterministic formal system. 3. Ethereum's tool properties and limitations It is worth noting that this uniformity endows Ethereum with the attribute of a "deterministic formal system tool platform": Pre established rules: The behavior of Ethereum is completely determined by its internally predetermined code rules, and the system lacks the emergence and self-organization generated by the interaction of multiple distributed systems like Bitcoin. Centralized power of developers: The code developers of Ethereum client software actually have significant power to change the behavior and rules of the system, which conflicts with the concept of decentralization. Lack of adaptive evolution: The evolution path of Ethereum is mainly pre-set by developers, and the system is difficult to spontaneously adapt to environmental changes during operation. Therefore, although Ethereum has made breakthroughs in functionality and flexibility, it is still a deterministic tool platform in essence. Compared with the traditional Internet cloud platform system, Ethereum has only improved its data transparency. It is difficult to simulate the complex adaptive systems commonly found in human society and nature. 4. Bitcoin: Adaptive Intelligence Emerging from Multi Type Systems In contrast, Bitcoin adopts a completely different design philosophy. It is a complex system composed of multiple types of formal systems that emerge from adaptive nonlinear intelligence through interactions and dynamic evolution Diversity of distributed system types: Bitcoin distributes functions such as value storage and transfer, human-computer interaction, transaction verification and consensus, computation execution, and economic incentives to different formal systems. These systems have significant differences in terms of functionality, operating mechanisms, and participants. Emerging adaptive intelligence: The macro behavior of Bitcoin is not pre designed by any centralized controller, but emerges from the interactions and games between these different types of formal systems. The system can spontaneously adapt to network conditions, economic environment, and external threats. Nonlinear evolution: The development process of Bitcoin is not linear, but full of uncertainty and unexpected events. The evolution path of the system is difficult to predict, reflecting the nonlinear characteristics of complex systems. This design gives Bitcoin stronger robustness, censorship resistance, and self-organization capabilities. It is closer to an adaptive organism that can survive and develop in a constantly changing environment. 5. Regression adaptive nonlinear emergent intelligent complex systems This article believes that the future development direction of blockchain lies in returning to the concept of "adaptive nonlinear emergent intelligent complex systems". This means: Going beyond a single formal system: We should abandon attempts to build a single, closed blockchain system and instead explore hybrid architectures composed of multiple different types of formal systems. Embracing complexity and uncertainty: We should accept the inherent complexity and uncertainty of blockchain systems and use the theories and methods of complexity science to understand and navigate them. Emphasis on emergence and self-organization: We should shift the design focus of blockchain systems from pre-set rules to promoting self-organization and emergence, allowing the system to spontaneously adapt to environmental changes during operation. Simulating the evolution of nature and society: We should draw on the evolutionary mechanisms of complex systems in nature and human society, such as biological evolution, market competition, and cultural dissemination, to guide the design of blockchain systems. Conclusion: Opening up a new era of blockchain development The 'single formalized blockchain technology track' has come to an end, and its limitations are becoming increasingly apparent. Only by returning to the path of "adaptive nonlinear emerging intelligent complex systems" can blockchain technology truly unleash its potential and bring more profound changes to human society. This transformation requires fundamental changes in our way of thinking and technological paradigms, but it will also open up a new era for the development of blockchain, a more open, robust, and sustainable future.