Yes, religion is an organizational form during times of low productivity. The Shang Dynasty in China was also a theocratic state, which was replaced by the rational governance of the Zhou.

The difference between theocracy and the civil service system is that theocracy leans more towards self-organization, while the civil service system is top-down. The tax points in theocratic organizations are relatively low and cost-effective (such as the tithe), whereas civil service organizations have higher tax points and costs.

However, the organizational strength of civil service organizations is greater, leading to stronger outputs, such as in water conservancy projects and disaster relief (Tibet earthquake vs. California wildfires). The religious model mainly thrives in nomadic economies with low output per unit area and in commercial models where tax collection costs are extremely high.

Taking India as an example, this place still has very low output per unit even today, which is why religion has been prevalent from ancient times to the present.

For modern nations, if they cannot eradicate deeply rooted religions, their modernization will be greatly constrained. One example is that very few Muslim countries have industrialized so far, while regions governed by Confucian rationality have successively entered industrialization since ancient times.

From this perspective, although the "Four Olds" were destroyed in New China, which damaged some cultural traditions, it indeed played a role in liberating thoughts. Therefore, Chinese people tend to be more rational and practical.

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