The Ultimate Optimization of APT: A New Architecture for Zaptos Optimizing Blockchain Latency and Throughput

Zaptos is a newly designed blockchain pipeline architecture aimed at achieving the dual goals of low latency and high throughput by maximizing resource utilization. This architecture is built on the existing pipeline design of @Aptos and significantly reduces end-to-end latency through a series of key optimizations, breaking through the current performance bottlenecks of blockchain.

🎯 Core Technological Innovations

1️⃣ Optimistic Execution

Zaptos implements early execution of transactions. During the consensus phase, validators can directly add the block proposal to the pipeline and start execution without waiting for it to be ordered. This "speculative" execution significantly shortens overall latency while allowing full nodes to synchronously verify the execution state.

2️⃣ Optimistic Commit

After the execution phase is completed, the block can be submitted to storage in advance without waiting for state certification. This approach reduces latency in the commit phase while ensuring that the system can roll back to a consistent state when consensus has not finalized the block.

3️⃣ Integration of State Certification and Consensus Phase

By running the final round of state certification in parallel with consensus, Zaptos brings the certification phase forward, saving the time of one consensus round in the pipeline.

📝 Significant Performance Improvement

• Significant Reduction in End-to-End Latency

The design of Zaptos allows its end-to-end latency to be equal to "client-validator communication delay + consensus delay," making it 160 milliseconds faster than Aptos under low load and reducing it by over 500 milliseconds under high load. Even at 20,000 TPS (transactions per second), Zaptos can achieve sub-second latency, far exceeding existing blockchain systems.

• High Throughput and Stability

In high TPS scenarios, Zaptos's optimizations effectively "mask" the latency of most stages in the pipeline, maintaining stable performance even under maximum load.

🎬 Practical Application Prospects

Zaptos's low latency and high throughput capabilities open new doors for decentralized applications (DApps). Especially in scenarios such as payments, DeFi, and gaming, where real-time performance is crucial, transactions will be smoother. The NFT sector can also achieve fairer auctions and purchasing activities, avoiding transaction failures during peak times.

In summary: As #Web3 technology moves towards mainstream applications, Zaptos's innovative architecture demonstrates the importance of optimizing the overall pipeline. It not only enhances system efficiency but also provides users and developers with an unprecedented experience. Zaptos is a significant step for the #APT public chain towards a new era of low latency and high performance, laying a solid foundation for future global decentralized applications and deserving of close attention. 🧐

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