The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States, officially known as the Federal Reserve System (abbreviated as FRS, commonly referred to as the Fed). It was established on December 23, 1913, and its main responsibilities include:
Formulating monetary policy: Adjusting the federal funds rate (short-term interest rates), conducting open market operations (buying and selling government bonds), and other tools to regulate the money supply in the economy, influencing inflation rates and employment levels.
Financial regulation and supervision: Overseeing and regulating the banking industry to ensure the robustness and stability of the banking system. It regularly inspects the financial condition of banks to ensure compliance with capital and liquidity requirements.
Financial system stability: Responsible for maintaining the stability of the U.S. financial system, preventing the spread of systemic risks, especially during financial crises, by providing emergency liquidity support to prevent the failure of banks and financial institutions.
Facilitating the operation of the payment system: Managing and supporting the national payment system to ensure the smooth conduct of financial transactions.
### Maintaining the value of the dollar: Regulating inflation to preserve the purchasing power of the dollar and ensuring a balance between economic growth and price stability.
The Federal Reserve consists of the Federal Reserve Board and 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, with its core management located in Washington, D.C.
The figure shows the Federal Reserve's schedule for 2025.
The figure shows the Federal Reserve data for 2024.
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