Before 1979, Iran was ruled by a secular king, and its economic growth was very rapid, with an urbanization rate of 55% and a per capita GDP of 2000 USD, making it a wealthy country in the Middle East.

However, the Westernization reforms implemented by King Pahlavi cultivated a group of free-thinking middle class and liberated women. After being exposed to Western ideas of freedom and equality, the middle class and liberated women not only did not appreciate him but instead viewed him as a feudal remnant that hindered social development, wanting to remove him as quickly as possible!

Additionally, the agricultural reforms in the secularization process were too drastic, leading to mechanization and intensification that caused unemployed farmers to become urban poor. These issues became a source of opposition from Islamic believers and opponents of Pahlavi.

In 1978, the oil crisis ended, and Iran's economy experienced negative growth. In early the following year, the Iranian version of the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and aside from the royalists, other social groups wanted Pahlavi to die quickly.

Among them, the most powerful religious fanatic group seized the opportunity to counterattack and took over the government. Pahlavi was forced to flee abroad and died in despair.

The middle-class rebels welcomed Khomeini, ultimately turning Iran from a secular society back into a religious society.

This is what happens with rebels who are ineffective at anything.

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