The GOAT Network provides a foundation for a general-purpose native cross-chain Bitcoin layer2 solution through the OCP challenger mechanism and Entangled Rollup unified interactive layer.

By Haotian

In simple terms, the GOAT Network proposes a decentralized and secure Bitcoin layer2 solution based on the native security mechanism provided by Optimistic Challenge Proof (OCP) and the unified liquidity settlement layer provided by ZKM Entangled Rollup. How is this achieved?

Due to the inherent limitations of the BTC mainnet script language, it is not possible to ensure the immediate finality confirmation of cross-chain asset deposits and withdrawals through regular ZK Proof of Validity. This necessitates the need for a "trusted third party" in common Bitcoin layer2 expansion solutions.

To address this issue, Babylon provides a unique cross-chain security model constructed using a combination of time locks, one-time signatures (EOTS), and multi-signature consensus, among other technologies.

However, Babylon's design relies on the mainnet to provide security and is more like a shared security layer. In comparison to traditional layer2 expansion solutions that execute transactions on the second layer, such security consensus lacks a second-layer ledger and a verification mechanism on the first layer. If Layer2 excessively relies on Babylon's solution, it would effectively lose control over the security of its own chain. Therefore, Babylon prefers asset management-oriented expansion solutions rather than common general-purpose security solutions.

The GOAT Network, on the other hand, is positioned as a more general decentralized layer2 expansion solution with native cross-chain security features.

Its native cross-chain mechanism is based on the BitVM2 concept and has implemented an optimistic challenge protocol (OCP). All computations and interactions are executed offline on the second layer, and when a "challenge" arises, a protocol is executed on the Bitcoin mainnet, with Bitcoin layer1 acting as an arbitrator to ensure security.

Specifically:

1) Assets deposited (Peg-in) on layer2 by users will be managed by the GOAT Network's fund pool and locked in an n-of-n Bitcoin multi-signature script.

2) When users initiate withdrawals (Peg-out) on layer2, the GOAT Network node operator will immediately transfer the assets to the user, effectively "pre-funding" them.

3) After completing the payment, the operator will initiate a transaction to the GOAT Network fund pool containing challenge scripts and asset scripts, requesting the transfer of the assets paid on behalf of the user, along with corresponding rewards and fees, to the node's account.

4) To prevent malicious behavior by the node operator, a challenge mechanism is introduced, allowing any user to pay a certain amount of BTC assets to invoke the challenge script. If the challenge is successful, the operator's behavior is proven to be dishonest, and the withdrawal request will be invalidated, with the corresponding assets being transferred to the challenger's account. If the challenge is unsuccessful, the operator will receive all the assets, including the pre-funding fee, after a certain period of time.

In simple terms, the GOAT Network has built a middleware network protocol based on Entangled Rollup, where each user's assets are "pre-funded" by nodes on the Entangled Rollup network. This provides absolute security for users, while the challenge mechanism (OCP) on the node side eliminates the potential for malicious behavior, such as a node operator creating a false withdrawal user to extract legitimate funds from the user's fund pool.

In contrast to the challenge approach provided by BitVM2, which is based on NAND circuit solutions and uses logic gate commitment to track transactions and the Bisection protocol for challenges, this process is limited by the size of Bitcoin mainnet scripts, and efficiency may be lower for complex transactions.

The GOAT Network, on the other hand, has implemented SNARK proofs based on ZKM and uses Winternitz signatures for optimization, allowing it to achieve the smallest Taproot storage unit for validating Bitcoin mainnet scripts.

With the OCP challenger proof mechanism, the security of user asset pools is ensured and protected by the "arbitration" of the Bitcoin mainnet. However, in most cases, when users execute transactions on BTC layer2, the second-layer sequencer is responsible for verifying and ordering transactions, and there are still various potential security risks such as MEV and downtime. Therefore, the GOAT Network has also decentralized the sequencer based on BTC script locking and one-time signature mechanisms, further strengthening the security trust mechanism.

Previously, I wrote an article specifically analyzing the Entangled Rollup protocol, which is a unified interactive layer that enables asset and message transmission between node operators, while ensuring security through a decentralized governance mechanism.

In conclusion, the GOAT Network provides a foundation for a general-purpose native cross-chain Bitcoin layer2 solution through the OCP challenger mechanism and Entangled Rollup unified interactive layer.

Note: The above interpretation is only for the basic technical logic and framework. For more detailed content, please refer to the white paper to further understand: 1) How the OCP challenger mechanism is applied and optimizes the implementation effect of BitVM2; 2) How Entangled Rollup achieves cross-chain unified liquidity; 3) Performance optimization details of ZKM in implementing Bitcoin script functionality, and so on.

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