Yesterday evening at 9:55 Beijing time, the slot height of the Ethereum Beacon Chain officially reached 8626176, which is also the scheduled location for the Dencun upgrade, and the upgrade has been officially activated.

Regarding the content and impact of the Dencun upgrade, Odaily Star Daily has provided detailed explanations in the previous article "The long-awaited Dencun upgrade, which assets will benefit?" In short, the core content of the Dencun upgrade is EIP-4844, which aims to introduce a new type of transaction "Blob transaction" to Ethereum by adding an additional temporary data space Blob in the blocks on the Ethereum mainnet, specifically for processing Layer2 related transactions, thereby significantly reducing the transaction cost of Layer2.

So, with the implementation of the upgrade, how much have the transaction costs of Layer2 actually decreased?

Next, we will compare the real gas cost changes of the six mainstream Layer2 networks, Arbitrum, Optimism, Starknet, zkSync, Blast, and Base, through real tests.

It is important to emphasize that the Dencun upgrade itself will only be executed on the Ethereum mainnet, so if Layer2 wants to achieve cost reduction, it needs to actively upgrade to adapt to the new "Blob transaction". Different Layer2 networks have different time plans for adapting to the upgrade, and the costs of some current Layer2 networks have not yet shown significant changes, so users still need to continue to wait for this situation.

As shown in the above figure, with some Layer2 networks having completed the adaptation to "Blob transactions", the gas costs of their respective networks have seen a significant decrease.

In addition, compared to ZK Rollup, the cost reduction after the adaptation of Optimistic Rollup seems to be more significant, with Optimism, Base, and others almost reduced to negligible levels—imagine being able to make 100 transactions for $1 now…

Currently, Arbitrum still has the smallest reduction in gas costs among Layer2 networks, but considering that the team has stated that they will further reduce costs after the ArbOS Atlas upgrade on March 18, we hope that users will continue to be patient.

Finally, let's talk about the gas changes on the Ethereum mainnet. One major misconception about the Dencun upgrade is that it will also reduce the gas costs of the Ethereum mainnet. This statement clearly has a misunderstanding, but it is not without reason.

Because from the direct logic of the Dencun upgrade (mainly EIP-4844), the core purpose of the upgrade is to use the newly added Blob data space to reduce the cost of synchronizing data from Layer2 to Layer1 (Ethereum mainnet), thereby reducing the transaction costs of Layer2, which is not directly related to the gas situation of the Ethereum mainnet.

However, indirectly, as the block space occupied by Layer2 related transactions is released (actually transferred from calldate to Blob), the competitive pressure on fees faced by other Ethereum mainnet transactions will also be relieved, so the Dencun upgrade will also to some extent reduce the transaction cost of the Ethereum mainnet.

However, since the share of Layer2 related transactions in the total transaction volume of the Ethereum mainnet is relatively limited, the above changes will not have a very obvious impact on the gas of the Ethereum mainnet.

Overall, Layer2 is still the biggest beneficiary of the Dencun upgrade. With the significant reduction in on-chain gas, the influence of Layer2 on projects with "high concurrency requirements" and "low unit value" such as games and social media will be greatly enhanced. Whether this will trigger a new wave of application growth for Layer2 will be our focus in the next stage.

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