The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) released 175 documents on Feb. 5, detailing its oversight of banks engaged in crypto-related activities, a move that Acting Chairman Travis Hill framed as part of a broader effort to increase transparency.

Hill acknowledged past criticism that the FDIC’s stance had discouraged banks from exploring blockchain and digital assets, stating: “I have been critical in the past of the FDIC’s approach to crypto assets and blockchain. As I said last March, the FDIC’s approach ‘has contributed to a general perception that the agency was closed for business if institutions are interested in anything related to blockchain or distributed ledger technology.’” After assuming his role, Hill initiated a review of all supervisory communications regarding crypto banking and explained the timing of the document release, stating:

Upon becoming Acting Chairman, I directed staff to conduct a comprehensive review of all supervisory communications with banks that sought to offer crypto-related products or services.

“While this review remains underway, we are releasing a large batch of documents today, in advance of a court-ordered deadline of Friday. Our decision to release these documents reflects a commitment to enhance transparency, beyond what is required by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), while also attempting to fulfill the spirit of the FOIA request,” the Acting FDIC Chair explained. Previously, the FDIC released 25 so-called “pause” letters sent to 24 institutions interested in pursuing crypto- or blockchain-related activities.

The FDIC’s actions align with broader concerns about financial regulators limiting market access, an issue highlighted during a Senate Banking Committee hearing on debanking on Feb. 5. Chairman Tim Scott (R-SC) expressed alarm over what he described as regulators using their authority to pressure financial institutions into cutting off services to individuals and businesses based on political or ideological views. He linked these practices to what has been dubbed “Operation Chokepoint 2.0” under the Biden administration. He stressed:

Federal regulators exploited their power, pressuring banks to cut off services to individuals and businesses with conservative disposition, or folks aligned with industries they just didn’t like.

Scott welcomed the FDIC’s decision to release the documents, calling it a step toward transparency, but criticized the delay. He opined: “It is a shame that it took an election – an election – for the agency to begin following the laws of our country.” He further emphasized that access to financial services is a fundamental right, adding that “the message is crystal clear: no regulator, and no bank, is above the principles of fairness and market access.”

Looking forward, Hill stated that the FDIC is reevaluating its regulatory framework for crypto banking, including replacing Financial Institution Letter (FIL) 16-2022 and creating a structured pathway for banks to engage in blockchain-related activities while maintaining safety and soundness. The agency also plans to collaborate with the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets, established under a Jan. 23 executive order. Meanwhile, Scott emphasized that the Senate Banking Committee will continue to investigate regulatory overreach and pursue bipartisan solutions to prevent financial discrimination. With both Congress and regulators now focused on the issue, the future of crypto banking may see significant policy shifts aimed at fostering greater clarity and fairness in the financial system.

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