This episode discusses their respective technological innovations, architectural designs, and community cultures.

Translation: Biteye core contributor Viee

Editor: Biteye core contributor Crush

Community: @BiteyeCN

*The full text is about 2500 words, with an estimated reading time of 5 minutes

In the rapid development of blockchain technology, Monad and MegaETH, as two emerging projects, are driving the evolution of the Ethereum ecosystem in their own unique ways.

Recently, Keone Hon, the founder of Monad, and Lei Yang, the co-founder of MegaETH, had an in-depth conversation exploring their respective technological innovations, architectural designs, and community cultures.

Monad is a Layer 1 blockchain designed to break through performance bottlenecks and achieve the ability to process over 10,000 transactions per second through innovative execution and consensus mechanisms. Its design emphasizes efficiency and compatibility, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate existing Ethereum applications.

MegaETH, on the other hand, is a Layer 2 solution focused on further improving Ethereum's transaction performance, aiming to achieve over 100,000 transactions per second. The project optimizes the existing Ethereum architecture to provide users with faster transaction experiences.

This article summarizes the content of a podcast interview that lasted over an hour, focusing on two blockchain projects with different architectures: Monad and MegaETH, and discussing how they are driving the speed and efficiency improvements of the Ethereum ecosystem through different technological paths.

01

Monad: Reshaping the Future of Ethereum

In the conversation, Keone Hon introduced the core concept of Monad, emphasizing its reimagining of Ethereum to achieve a throughput of up to 10,000 transactions per second.

Monad optimizes the storage efficiency of Ethereum's Merkle tree data by building a brand-new database—Monad DB. Keone pointed out that the traditional Ethereum execution is single-threaded, while Monad significantly improves execution performance by introducing optimistic parallel execution and asynchronous execution.

According to Keone, state access is the biggest bottleneck in the execution process. Each smart contract relies on some residual state associated with the contract, which requires reading data from the disk. Therefore, the biggest bottleneck in execution is actually state access, not just an increase in computing power.

The design of Monad DB is aimed at addressing this challenge, ensuring that the database can efficiently read in parallel, thereby unleashing more performance potential.

02

MegaETH: Pursuing High-Performance Blockchain

In contrast to Monad, Lei Yang introduced MegaETH's goal of building a performance-optimized blockchain that is fully compatible with Ethereum, with the vision of being the "first real-time blockchain."

As an Ethereum Layer 2 solution, MegaETH is committed to achieving a transaction processing capacity of over 100,000 transactions per second. Lei emphasized that MegaETH does not solely rely on parallelization but focuses on improving single-thread performance. He believes that single-thread performance is crucial for the practical use of many applications.

In terms of technical implementation, MegaETH uses a single activity sequencer to process all transactions, while other nodes only need to subscribe to state updates.

This design not only reduces redundant execution but also reduces the hardware requirements for full nodes. Lei further explained that MegaETH has developed a new data structure, similar to the Merkle Patricia tree, to optimize hardware utilization to support efficient transaction processing.

03

Decentralization Debate from Different Perspectives

In the discussion on decentralization, Keone and Lei have different emphases. Keone believes that Monad's architecture ensures decentralization, trust neutrality, and censorship resistance through independent single nodes and full nodes. He emphasized that decentralization is not only a technical choice but also a core community value.

Lei, on the other hand, believes that MegaETH performs better in terms of decentralization because it relies on tens of thousands of Ethereum nodes to ensure finality and correctness. He pointed out that MegaETH's single sequencer can achieve extremely low transaction feedback time, which is impossible in any consensus-based system.

Although the two founders have different definitions of decentralization, they both agree that this feature is crucial for the long-term development of blockchain. All Layer 2 solutions can claim to be more decentralized because they directly rely on Ethereum for settlement. Monad improves Ethereum's efficiency through new technology without increasing hardware requirements, enhancing Ethereum's performance and supporting the optimization of the entire decentralized system.

04

From Hardware to Software: Considering Technological Differences

In terms of technological philosophy, Keone and Lei also have different viewpoints. Keone emphasizes that Monad focuses on maximizing performance from minimal hardware, allowing anyone to run nodes on ordinary devices. He believes that this requires software optimization rather than relying on high-end hardware. Monad's goal is to ensure decentralization while improving Ethereum's performance.

Lei, on the other hand, stated that MegaETH chooses a Layer 2 architecture because it is the best solution for performance, minimizing redundant execution and consensus. They are not conservative but unhesitatingly performance-oriented. Lei specifically mentioned that MegaETH's design allows transaction feedback time to be as low as 1 millisecond, which is unprecedented in any consensus-based system.

05

Community Culture and Brand Image

In terms of community building, the two founders also have different focuses. Keone mentioned that Monad encourages everyone to play a role, creating a positive and upward environment. He emphasized that Monad's mascot and activities are created and promoted spontaneously by community members, embodying the spirit of decentralization.

In contrast, Lei introduced the "Mega Mafia" brand image of MegaETH, attracting developers interested in high-performance blockchain applications. They specifically focus on founders who are disappointed with existing infrastructure, hoping to realize their dreams through MegaETH.

06

When Will the Mainnet Go Live?

Keone stated that the Monad team is working hard and cannot provide an exact date.

Lei replied that MegaETH is expected to launch at the end of the year or early next year.

07

Conclusion

Monad and MegaETH both aim to create high-performance and decentralized EVM-compatible chains. Monad achieves its goal through the reconstruction of the execution layer and consensus layer, including the establishment of Monad DB and the introduction of optimistic parallelization and asynchronization to support transaction processing, as well as using the Monad BFT algorithm to expedite the consensus process. Additionally, the reconstruction of the former two reduces the hardware requirements of nodes, promoting network decentralization.

On the other hand, MegaETH focuses on improving single-thread performance. It simplifies transaction processing by using a single sequencer, reducing the hardware burden of full nodes, and introduces a new data structure to improve overall efficiency, thereby achieving performance extremes. As an Ethereum Layer 2, its main responsibility is efficient transaction execution, while decentralization is achieved through Ethereum.

Through this conversation, Keone and Lei have demonstrated two different blockchain design philosophies. Despite significant differences in implementation paths, their goals are consistent: to drive the development of the Ethereum ecosystem.

This technical debate not only reveals the forefront of current blockchain technology but also provides inspiration for future innovations. Whether it's Monad's deep optimization or MegaETH's pursuit of high performance, both are important forces driving the progress of blockchain technology. With pioneers like Keone and Lei leading the way, the Ethereum ecosystem is bound to usher in a more brilliant tomorrow.

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